Brussels and Kigali are embroiled in a rapidly escalating diplomatic row, resulting in the reciprocal expulsion of diplomats, stemming from deepening disagreements over the ongoing conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

On Monday, Rwanda declared it was severing diplomatic ties with Belgium, issuing a 48-hour ultimatum for Belgian diplomats to vacate the country. In response, Belgian Foreign Affairs Minister, Maxime Prevot, labeled the Rwandan action as "disproportionate," and announced that Brussels would reciprocate by declaring Rwandan diplomats persona non grata.

The core of the dispute lies in the escalating conflict in eastern DRC, where the Rwandan-backed M23 rebel movement has seized control of two major cities since January. This surge in violence has drawn international condemnation, highlighting the complex and protracted conflict rooted in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the region's rich mineral resources.

While Rwanda denies directly backing the M23 rebels, it acknowledges the presence of its troops in the DRC. United Nations estimates suggest that approximately 4,000 Rwandan troops are currently operating within Congolese territory.

Belgium, the former colonial power in both the DRC and Rwanda, has taken a leading role in international efforts to address the crisis. Specifically, Belgium has spearheaded calls for the European Union to suspend the 2024 raw materials agreement with Rwanda, citing concerns over its role in the conflict.

In a statement released on Monday, Kigali accused Belgium of "clearly taking sides in a regional conflict" and "systematically mobilizing against Rwanda in different forums, using lies and manipulation to secure an unjustified hostile opinion of Rwanda, in an attempt to destabilize both Rwanda and the region."

Amidst the growing tension, the Congolese government and M23 rebels have announced their intention to send delegations to peace talks in Angola on Tuesday, raising hopes for a potential de-escalation of the conflict. However, the diplomatic fallout between Belgium and Rwanda adds a layer of complexity to the already volatile situation.

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