A 50-year-old man, Mr. A, who enjoys various outdoor activities during winter, recently noticed a growing mole on his face. Initially dismissed as a minor blemish, the mole gradually increased in size and developed an uneven color, prompting him to seek medical attention.
Skin cancer, often linked to excessive sun exposure, can be triggered by various factors. While summers are typically associated with higher UV radiation, winter months pose unique risks. The reflection of sunlight off snow and ice can intensify UV exposure, making outdoor activities during this season potentially harmful.
One of the most common types of skin cancer, basal cell carcinoma, originates in the deepest layer of the epidermis. Frequently appearing on sun-exposed areas like the face, this type of cancer rarely metastasizes but can invade surrounding tissues. While Westerners often present with translucent nodules and a central ulcer, Asian patients may exhibit pigmented lesions, easily mistaken for moles.
To prevent skin cancer, it's crucial to minimize sun exposure. This includes avoiding peak sun hours, applying broad-spectrum sunscreen 20 minutes before going outdoors, and wearing protective clothing like hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses. Indoor tanning, another significant risk factor, should also be avoided.
Early detection is key to successful treatment. If you notice a mole that is larger than 6mm, asymmetrical, has an irregular border, is multicolored, or has changed in size or color over several months, consult a dermatologist. Other warning signs include scaling, crusting, bleeding, or a sore that doesn't heal.
Mohs micrographic surgery is considered the gold standard for treating skin cancer, particularly on the face. This technique involves the precise removal of cancerous tissue under a microscope, minimizing the risk of recurrence and scarring.
Dr. Suh Soo-hong, a dermatologist at Korea University Anam Hospital, emphasized the importance of regular skin checks, especially for individuals with a history of sun exposure. "If you notice any suspicious spots or patches on your skin, consult a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis," he advised. "Consistent use of sunscreen and other sun protection measures can significantly reduce your risk of skin cancer."
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