JOHANNESBURG — Human Rights Watch (HRW) has released a report detailing widespread human rights abuses across Africa, including the suppression of political opponents, attacks on civilians, and restrictions on freedoms.   

The report highlights the devastating conflicts in Sudan and Ethiopia, where armed forces and rebel groups have displaced millions, destroyed infrastructure, and obstructed humanitarian aid. In Sudan, the war between the armed forces and the Rapid Support Forces has led to a humanitarian crisis, while in Ethiopia, government forces in the Amhara region have targeted medical personnel and facilities.   

Beyond armed conflict, the report criticizes the shrinking civic space across the continent. Governments are increasingly suppressing freedom of expression, association, and assembly, cracking down on protests and targeting individuals who criticize government policies.

"Protests are being clamped down on, and people who are pushing for their rights or even commenting on government policies and measures are being hunted down," said Mausi Segun, head of the HRW Africa Division. "Here in East Africa, we are seeing very disturbing trends towards abductions."   

The report expresses concern over the alleged abductions of anti-government protesters and activists in Kenya, some of whom have been deported to Turkey and Uganda.   

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the conflict continues to escalate, with civilians bearing the brunt of the violence. The report condemns the killing of civilians, widespread rape, and attacks on internally displaced persons' camps.

"We are not seeing significant signs of pressure on the different parties to the conflict to reduce violations and harms to civilians," said Clementine de Montoye, Human Rights Watch senior researcher.

The report also criticizes the human rights records of military-ruled countries in West Africa, including Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger, for suppressing dissent and backsliding on anti-corruption efforts. In Southern Africa, Mozambique is grappling with post-election violence, resulting in numerous deaths.   

Elizabeth Kamundia, deputy director of disability rights at HRW, emphasized the severe impact of conflict on people with disabilities, including increased physical and psychological trauma, difficulties accessing medication, and disruptions to essential services.   

Despite the grim picture, the report acknowledges the resilience of African people. It highlights their efforts to resist autocratic rule and demand an end to abuses, utilizing social media and street protests to mobilize for change.   

The HRW World Report 2025 examines the human rights records of over 100 countries, including 25 in Africa.   

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