WASHINGTON — NVIDIA Chief Executive Jensen Huang is navigating a turbulent political landscape as Democratic majorities in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives gear up to intensify scrutiny over the company’s China strategy. The converging pressures—spanning export control loopholes, alleged front companies, and personal associations—threaten to test NVIDIA’s relationship with Washington lawmakers.

Scrutiny Intensifies Over H200 Exports to China

The latest controversy centers on regulatory approvals granted for NVIDIA's advanced H200 artificial intelligence chips to enter the Chinese market. Earlier this year, the administration permitted a firm named Newmatrix to deploy H200 chips within AI servers. However, recent investigative reports by The New York Times revealed that Newmatrix’s registered location in an industrial park on the outskirts of Beijing appeared vacant and poorly equipped, raising doubts about its operational legitimacy.

Industry and regulatory analysts suggest Newmatrix may function as a shell corporation tied to Wisecroad, a Chinese private equity firm placed on the U.S. Department of Commerce’s export control entity list in 2024 for allegedly acquiring sensitive semiconductor technology on behalf of Beijing.

This follows similar revelations in September regarding another approved entity, Maginfra, which reportedly shares personnel and patents with Inspur—a server manufacturer previously blacklisted due to ties with the Chinese military. Critics argue these instances expose potential blind spots in the administration's waiver-based approach to semiconductor restrictions.

While the previous administration tightened restrictions to prevent advanced technology from bolstering China's military capabilities, the current framework permitted select sales following direct lobbying by Huang. However, subsequent findings regarding opaque intermediaries have fueled bipartisan skepticism.

Allegations and Security Inquiries

Beyond export compliance, NVIDIA has faced scrutiny over security concerns involving its executive leadership. According to recent reports citing government memos, U.S. officials have examined relationships involving Huang and individuals linked to regional firms, such as Megaspeed, a Singapore-based NVIDIA customer.

Investigators have looked into whether Megaspeed and related channels facilitated the distribution or indirect leasing of substantial numbers of NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs) to entities in mainland China, bypassing conventional oversight. Additional reports indicated that separate computing clusters hosted in Southeast Asian data centers may have been utilized by entities linked to Chinese firms for model training purposes.

Capitol Hill Prepares for Investigations

With Democrats set to control congressional committees, lawmakers are expected to utilize subpoena powers to investigate NVIDIA's export compliance and the efficacy of current trade enforcement mechanisms.

Legislative proposals are also gaining momentum on Capitol Hill. Lawmakers are currently debating several bills designed to tighten oversight, including the AI Overwatch Act, which seeks to restrict AI chip exports to nations of concern, alongside measures targeting semiconductor manufacturing equipment and tracking the final deployment of exported hardware.

As these regulatory and political headwinds mount, NVIDIA’s leadership faces the delicate task of balancing global market access with shifting geopolitical realities in Washington.

[ⓒ Global Economic Times. 무단전재-재배포 금지]