A recent report by the Center for Economic Research (CEE), a division of the Paraguayan Industrial Union (UIP), has ignited a significant debate on Paraguay's foreign and economic relations. The report analyzes the anticipated economic losses if Paraguay were to establish diplomatic relations and a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with China, concluding that maintaining its current alliance with Taiwan is more advantageous.

According to the report, a switch to China could result in a macroeconomic loss of $592 million per year, an amount that far exceeds any short-term trade benefits.

The Pros and Cons of a Shift to China 

The CEE report outlines potential benefits that could come from a change in relations with China. The main positive effects include a rise in soybean export prices (approximately $202 million annually), a reduction in import costs ($220 million to $250 million), and financial support for infrastructure ($232 million).

However, these benefits are minor when compared to the severe negative impacts. The report points out the following major losses:

Loss of the Taiwanese Market: An estimated $299 million loss in exports by 2026. Key Paraguayan exports, such as meat, hold high value in the Taiwanese market.
Cessation of Bilateral Cooperation: The discontinuation of $225 million worth of bilateral cooperation from Taiwan, including scholarships, credit loans, and donations.
Tax Revenue Reduction: A potential loss of $220 million to $250 million in tax revenue due to the elimination of tariffs.
Damage to Domestic Industries and Job Losses: Domestic industries like textiles, chemicals, metals, and footwear would be exposed to competition from Chinese products, risking the loss of over 11,500 direct jobs in the first year alone, which is estimated to cause an economic cost of $428 million.
The report warns, "This imbalance shows a worrying pattern where benefits are concentrated only on large-scale soybean and meat exporters in the short term, while the costs are passed on to countless workers and the national treasury." In other words, profits could be privatized while costs are socialized.

A Sustainable Alternative: Strengthening the Alliance with Taiwan 

The CEE emphasizes that the choice of a trading partner is more than just a business decision—it's about determining the country's long-term development model. An economic structure that relies solely on raw material exports could limit industrialization, the creation of skilled jobs, and technological independence.

As an alternative to these risks, the report suggests strengthening the alliance with Taiwan. The two nations have already jointly established the Paraguay-Taiwan Polytechnic University, which is focused on nurturing human capital. By deepening this cooperation, Paraguay can attract investments in strategic sectors such as clean energy, technology, and innovation, and advance its domestic industries through technology transfer.

The CEE stated that the purpose of this report is not to take sides but to provide objective data for a mature discussion about Paraguay's future. Pursuing relations with China without a careful strategy could jeopardize the nation's productive and fiscal capabilities in the long term. In contrast, strengthening cooperation with Taiwan could be an opportunity to consolidate economic sovereignty and pave the way for sustainable development.

This report raises a fundamental question about how Paraguay will shape its national identity and future. As the country seeks a balance between economic interests and geopolitical realities, the world is watching its decision closely.