The Republic of Korea is grappling with a sharp increase in incidents involving the mismanagement, theft, and loss of medical narcotics and psychotropic drugs across its healthcare system. According to a recent analysis of data from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, the issue is escalating at an alarming rate, highlighting critical vulnerabilities in the national controlled substance management framework.

Alarming Rise in Controlled Substance Incidents 

Data presented by Rep. Baek Jong-heon (People Power Party) of the National Assembly's Health and Welfare Committee reveals a significant spike in drug-related accidents. The total number of incidents concerning medical narcotics surged by 32% over five years, from 2,934 cases in 2020 to 3,881 cases in 2024. Correspondingly, the number of locations where these incidents occurred increased by 29%, reaching 1,505 in 2024.

Hospitals remain the primary source of these accidents, accounting for an overwhelming 70% (2,718 out of 3,881) of all reported cases in 2024. However, the distribution phase, before the drugs reach the patient, has seen the most dramatic proportional rise in incidents:

Wholesalers saw a 73% jump in accidents, from 153 in 2020 to 265 in 2024.
Pharmacies reported a nearly 69% increase, with cases rising from 88 to 149 during the same period.
 

57,000 Doses Lost to Theft and Diversion 

The total quantity of controlled substances that have vanished due to theft and loss is particularly concerning. Over the five years from 2020 to 2024, a staggering 56,718 individual doses of medical narcotics disappeared across 291 separate theft and loss incidents.

The most frequently stolen or lost substances are primarily those used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia, underscoring a significant vector for potential non-medical use and diversion into illegal markets.

The presence of potent drugs like Fentanyl—a powerful synthetic opioid—on the theft and loss register is especially troubling, given its high potential for severe addiction and fatal overdose. The overall trend mirrors broader concerns about rising substance abuse, including the misuse of prescription drugs, which has been highlighted by other national drug crime statistics.

Calls for Comprehensive System Overhaul 

Rep. Baek Jong-heon emphasized that the escalating figures point to persistent "blind spots" in the management of controlled substances across inventory, storage, and transportation. The legislator urged the government to adopt comprehensive measures to curb the diversion of medical narcotics.

"To prevent accidents and theft involving medical narcotics, we need comprehensive improvement plans, including strengthening the management system across the entire process, expanding handler education, and establishing a rapid accident response system," Rep. Baek stated.

The findings call for urgent action from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and healthcare stakeholders to bolster security and accountability, aiming to ensure these essential medicines are used strictly for their intended medical purpose and do not contribute to the nation's growing challenge with drug misuse.