The U.S. Supreme Court, in a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of Tennessee's law (SB1) banning gender-affirming surgeries and hormone therapy for minors, ruled that the law does not violate the "Equal Protection Clause" of the U.S. Constitution. This decision was reached by a majority opinion of six conservative justices, while three liberal justices dissented, sparking intense debate.

Majority Opinion: "Not Discrimination Based on Sex… Protecting Minors Comes First" 

The majority opinion, authored by Chief Justice John Roberts, concluded that Tennessee's SB1 law does not discriminate based on sex because it does not permit these procedures for one sex while prohibiting them for another. Chief Justice Roberts acknowledged Tennessee's stance that gender-affirming care for minors is experimental and can carry irreversible risks. He emphasized, "This issue is a matter of intense scientific and policy debate, and the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution is not a means to resolve it." He further added that the Supreme Court does not have the authority to decide in a way it deems best, and questions of policy should be left to the people, their elected representatives, and the democratic process.

The ruling referenced recent cases in some countries, including the UK, that have halted or restricted gender-affirming care for minors, emphasizing the public interest in protecting minors. Indeed, the UK's National Health Service (NHS), as of March 2024, has completely banned puberty blockers for individuals under 18 and is implementing policies that strictly limit access to gender-affirming care for minors experiencing gender dysphoria. These international trends are also believed to have influenced the Supreme Court's majority opinion.

Dissenting Opinion: "Abandoning Protection for Vulnerable Groups… Leaving it to Political Judgment" 

In contrast, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, in her dissenting opinion, argued that the Tennessee law clearly contains discrimination based on sex and gender identity and should be subject to strict scrutiny under the Constitution. She expressed deep regret that the Supreme Court had abandoned the protection of the most vulnerable groups and left it to political judgment. This aligns with the position of the Biden administration's Department of Justice and progressive civil organizations, which have advocated for the constitutional rights of LGBTQ+ children.

Background of Tennessee's SB1 Law and Future Prospects 

Tennessee enacted SB1 in March 2023, completely prohibiting gender-affirming surgeries, hormone therapy, and puberty blockers for minors. The bill stated its aim to "protect minors from procedures that undermine the credibility and ethics of the medical profession," citing public health and ethical responsibility as the basis for its enactment. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals had previously allowed the law to take effect, and with this Supreme Court ruling, SB1 has been finally upheld.

This Supreme Court ruling is expected to set an important precedent for U.S. states to strengthen regulations on gender-affirming care for minors. Already, over 20 states, including Arkansas, Florida, Missouri, Texas, and Oklahoma, have passed or are pursuing legislation to limit or prohibit gender-affirming care for minors. This ruling is expected to further bolster this trend.

However, it is clear that this ruling will further intensify opposition from LGBTQ+ rights organizations. They criticize it as an unconstitutional act that infringes upon minors' right to self-determination regarding their gender identity and deprives them of their right to necessary medical support. Future legislative developments in individual states and related legal battles are expected to continue, and the debate over gender-affirming care for minors across U.S. society is anticipated to become even more heated.