Texas has become the epicenter of a national debate after passing a groundbreaking bill that mandates the display of the Ten Commandments in every public school classroom. On June 25 (local time), Texas Governor Greg Abbott signed Senate Bill 10 (SB10) into law, requiring a 16x20-inch poster or framed copy of the Ten Commandments to be displayed in all public school classrooms across Texas starting September 1. In a move to strengthen religious influence, he also signed Senate Bill 11 (SB 11) and Senate Bill 965 (SB 965), which permit students and staff to pray and read religious texts during school hours.

Bill Content and Background 

Senate Bill 10, now enacted, stipulates that the Ten Commandments must be "printed in a large, easy-to-read font readable by a person with average vision, and displayed in a conspicuous place in each classroom." The bill also allows schools to accept private donations or use school board funds for the display of the Ten Commandments. Governor Abbott emphasized that signing this bill means "Texas is where the American dream lives, and important legislation protecting the safety of its residents and 'individual liberty' will be implemented," asserting that this measure will make Texas the best place to live.

This move is interpreted as part of a broader effort by conservative Christian factions in the United States to reintroduce religious values into the public education system. As the Ten Commandments are considered a core doctrine of Christianity and the foundation of Western legal and moral systems, their display in schools could be perceived as an attempt to indoctrinate students with specific religious teachings.

Voices of Support and Opposition 

Reactions to the passage of this bill are starkly divided. Jonathan Saenz, president of the conservative advocacy group Texas Values Action, strongly supported the bill, stating, "Having the Ten Commandments posted in every public school classroom in Texas, just like they are at the Texas Capitol and the U.S. Supreme Court, will be a tremendous blessing to students and Texans." Matt Krause, an attorney for the Christian legal organization First Liberty Institute, also emphasized its constitutionality, saying, "Allowing the display of the Ten Commandments and the national motto, and permitting students and teachers to express their faith, aligns with Supreme Court precedents that recognize America's religious heritage and the nation's history and traditions." Supporters argue that this bill ensures individual religious freedom and respects America's founding principles and Christian heritage.

Conversely, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Texas and numerous other civil liberties organizations have strongly criticized the bill, asserting it infringes upon the religious freedom of Texas's approximately 6 million students, especially those from diverse religious backgrounds, and have warned of legal challenges. They argue that displaying the Ten Commandments could turn schools into places for specific religious indoctrination, causing non-Christian students to feel discriminated against and alienated. The U.S. Constitution enshrines the principle of separation of church and state, which means the government should neither endorse nor oppose any particular religion. Critics' core argument is that mandating the display of the Ten Commandments in public schools may violate this principle of separation.

History and Prospects of the Separation of Church and State Debate in the U.S. 

The debate surrounding religion in U.S. public schools has a long history. Supreme Court precedents have accumulated, particularly regarding prayer in schools and the display of religious symbols. Notably, the 1962 Engel v. Vitale ruling and the 1963 Abington School District v. Schempp ruling declared mandatory prayer and Bible readings in public schools unconstitutional, emphasizing the importance of the separation of church and state. However, the recent conservative shift of the federal Supreme Court, which has issued rulings broadly recognizing religious freedom, raises questions about the outcome if Texas's bill faces future legal challenges.

Texas Attorney General Liz Murrill has defended the bill and stated plans to appeal to the Supreme Court if lower courts rule unfavorably. Governor Greg Abbott also successfully defended a lawsuit concerning the Ten Commandments monument at the Texas State Capitol in 2005, signaling a strong legal defense for this current matter as well.

Texas's bill mandating the display of the Ten Commandments is expected to be a significant test case for how the constitutional values of separation of church and state and religious freedom will be interpreted and applied in American society. With legal battles appearing inevitable, attention is focused on the impact this issue will have on public education and American society as a whole.